Application of Drifted Pumice Stone as a Sand-Capping Material

Large amounts of pumice stone generated by the submarine volcanic eruption at Fukutoku Okanoba on 13 August 2021 drifted ashore, affecting ship navigation and fishery operations posing challenges for disposal a risk to benthic sea-life. As new approach managing ejected from eruptions, we investigated possibility using as sand-capping material eutrophic sediments through laboratory experiments. Crushed sand cover effectively reduced sedimentary oxygen consumption rate. Nutrient release sediment showed similar trend, with ~25% 82% reductions in NH4-N PO4-P rates, respectively. Furthermore, bivalve exposure experiments crushed suspended seawater no adverse effects specific lowered mortality greater extent than did kaolin same concentration. This could be related differences gill accumulation blockage owing particle size variation particles. These results suggest that is effective suitably suppresses nutrient sediments.